The Court of Justice of the European Union has ruled that VPN providers are not liable for copyright infringement, even if users use them to bypass geo-blocking restrictions. This decision stems from a case involving the online publication of Anne Frank's diary, which is still under copyright in the Netherlands but in the public domain in other countries. The court recognized VPNs as lawful technical tools and placed the burden on publishers to maintain effective geo-blocking measures. The ruling sets a precedent for the use of VPNs in the EU and their relationship with copyright laws.