Japan has passed the Smartphone Act, which prohibits Apple's ban on third-party browser engines on iOS, and the Mobile Software Competition Act Guidelines have been published to clarify how the Act will be interpreted and enforced. The guidelines explicitly prohibit any measures that would prevent or hinder the adoption of third-party browser engines and mandate fair access to OS APIs. This move is expected to promote competition regarding individual software and may lead to Apple permitting browsers to run their own engines. The Act is expected to come into force by December 2025.