Graphene OS is a security-enhanced Android build that aims to harden Android against various threats and prioritize user privacy. It is based on the Android Open Source Project and removes a lot of code, adding a long list of changes to improve security. The project supports a limited range of devices, including Google Pixel 6 through Pixel 9, and offers features such as a hardened malloc library and hardware memory tagging. Graphene OS also includes a sandboxed version of Google Play, allowing users to install apps while maintaining security and privacy.