The article discusses why human societies developed so little during the 300,000 years of human existence, citing the example of the Yanomamö tribe in the Amazon rainforest. The author argues that in pre-Malthusian societies, men focused on fighting over women rather than developing technology or improving their material circumstances. This focus on violence and reproductive competition led to a state of equilibrium, where populations were kept in check by violence rather than resource scarcity. The author suggests that this may be a general rule for human societies, where development is hindered by the focus on reproductive competition.