A US judge has ruled against the Internet Archive in a lawsuit filed by four book publishers, stating that the Archive's practice of scanning and lending copyrighted books without permission constitutes copyright infringement. The judge found that the Archive's actions did not qualify as fair use under copyright law. The decision may have significant implications for the Archive's operations and the availability of digital copies of copyrighted works. The ruling is seen as a victory for book publishers and a setback for advocates of digital lending and access to knowledge.