The Internet Archive is facing a lawsuit from four major publishers, including John Wiley & Sons, Hachette Book Group, HarperCollins, and Penguin Random House, over alleged copyright infringement. The lawsuit stems from the Internet Archive's National Emergency Library initiative, which allowed multiple people to check out the same digital copy of a book at once during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Internet Archive had previously established a practice of purchasing copies of printed books, digitizing them, and lending them to borrowers one at a time. The lawsuit claims that the Internet Archive's actions constitute willful mass copyright infringement.