The Stolperstein project, initiated by German artist Gunter Demnig in 1992, aims to commemorate victims of Nazi persecution by installing small concrete cubes with brass plates bearing their names and life dates in the pavement outside their last freely chosen place of residence or work. Over 100,000 Stolpersteine have been laid in more than 1,200 towns and cities across Europe. The project serves as a decentralized memorial, allowing people to stumble upon the stones and reflect on the past. The majority of Stolpersteine commemorate Jewish victims of the Holocaust, but others have been placed for Sinti and Romani people, homosexuals, and members of other persecuted groups.