When launching Google Chrome for the first time on a Windows 10 machine, 32 requests are made and 7.26 MB of data is downloaded. The browser makes calls to various Google domains, including googleapis, accounts.google.com, and clients2.google.com, to fetch flags, features, and extensions. The first call passes the OS type, browser channel, and version, while subsequent calls download extensions related to Google Drive, Docs, and other services. The browser also makes requests to verify the integrity of the downloaded extensions.